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80後香港人,旅居全世界

《信念決定回報 》

價值投資的三個步驟:

  1. 研究去選擇並鎖定目標的優質企業
  2. 在適當的時間買入
  3. 長期持有


第一步:價值的發現

要做到這一步,有時不是很困難,可能道聽途說都可以得到一個number,甚至是一間優質企業。


不過如果不是經過自己研究而鎖定的目標,好大可能影響之後如何操作和心態,帶來的回報可能有很大分別。只有經過自己研究,得到的東西才是自己的。


第二步:進場

什麼是適合的時間去買入?


選到優質企業,買入的時間可能不理想,時間會把錯誤修正。優質企業可以長期做到反覆而上升,只是起步點有差異。

選到劣質企業,任何時候買入,越買越平,可以長期的越買越平發展下去,結果都是永不超生。


現在美股升得太高,應不應該買入?2020年初疫情爆發時市場的氣氛如世界末日,應不應該買入?何時應該買入?這些問題不及第一步的選股重要。


月供/每月買,可以做到平均成本法的效果,都是其中一個可行方法。最少可以去除時常預測市場和捕捉市場的心魔。


第三步:信念的真正考驗

人始終是人,價錢影響判斷,股價下跌是十分令人困擾的事。多少人會覺得股價下跌,企業就變成沒有價值。或是急急賣出,或者賣出而遲些時間情況好轉才買回。這種心理上考驗,可以在漫長的持有過程中出現無數次,可能造成買買賣賣出出入入,影響持有企業帶來覆式增長的連續性,同時打擊長期持有的信心。


股價是不會無緣無故而下跌,價錢影響判斷,這是十分真實。當大市和個別股票充滿負面消息,個人是否可以堅持下去持有?應對是賣出?還是買入更多?做到不買不賣而長時間保持只是持有,已經是不容易的信心考驗,經歷一次次高山低谷,才可以得到可觀的回報。


相反如果股價上升,自然看好,一切理性分析等等,可以放下,忘記得一乾二淨。


只有強的信念,才可以陪伴渡過漫長的持有過程,去得到理想回報。信念來自對企業的認知,是由自己的研究而來,對收到的資料加以消化,分析再成為自己可以把持的東西。

《神就是矛盾,矛盾就是神》

神創造萬物就是先令人自私,繼而幫助他人而得到滿足感及優越感的快樂,故有人不為己,天誅地滅,神的本質是殘酷的,就是要一物滅一物,一物生一物,也就是道家的相生相剋,神為何不創造一個沒有私心,沒有慾望,不需食其他生物的生物,如此就是神的境界,但神本身就是自私,豈能有两個神,故各種生物只能繼承神的自私。神是萬能,唯神無法創造另一個神,故產生了矛盾,矛盾是不存在的,但矛盾亦是存在的,故矛盾是人類無法理解的,其實矛盾就是神,神就是矛盾。


其實我都相信若果全世界每一個人都理解自私的基因嘅內容,社會係會瓦解嘅。正如意識形態係虛構出嚟嘅,但係亦都能夠維繫社會。可惜當每一個人若果意識到意識形態係虛構,咁社會亦都會瓦解。呢一個係好paradoxical。明知係假但係仍然有相信嘅價值。神可能唔存在,但係宗教卻係人類文明演化歷程一個必需嘅因素。

基因的存在為了什麼?或換一個方法去問,「存在」的存在為了什麼?基因的存在為了複製/延續,「存在」的存在只是為了存在的延續。


如何犯最少的錯,剝削犯相對更多錯的玩家。個體擁有更多資源,削減其他群體基因,表面上,個體的基因會散播成為主導(就像成吉思汗),但是會削減基因多樣性,不利廷續,人類會合作,會互助、會共和、愛和平,原因是多樣性更有利我們生存下去,這是利益。有自私的基因,就有利他的基因。自私的基因表面上很殘忍,但其實很有道德。優生學及共產主義表面上很利他,但其實違反道德。


《獨特不是很獨特》

人擇原理(Anthropic principle),是一種認為物質宇宙必須與觀測到它的存在意識的智慧生命相匹配的哲學理論。

在這一刻,我們處身於的空間和時間,世界現在存在智慧生命和文明,很獨特。是宇宙選中了我?還是我選中了宇宙?“為什麼爸爸媽媽會在一起?”..... 如果他們沒有在一起,就不會有我。如果沒有我,就不會有以上的問題。我們是有生命及有意識的個體,所以才會先存在,然後去想以上的處境和問题。當我們開始去問這些問題,這就是問題的答案。


我們可以能夠認識的宇宙之大,甚至乎在超出我們可能認識的範圍,這些一直都存在。當然包含著沒有生命的時間和空間,那個是沒有觀察者的世界。我們的腳站立在我們處身的位置,用我們的角度看,所以看到宇宙是如今的宇宙,所以才有這種獨特的感覺。


我是永遠獨特,純粹是一種主觀的自我感覺。


我們往往是自視過高,市場上有千千萬萬個投資者,每一個只是微不足道,如宇宙中微塵。如果市場真是一個有意識的個體,可能最多會對我説句:”Who cares?”


起初,有了投資市場,然後有投資者,再有投資者和投資市場的互動,投資者和投資者之間的互動,其中有市場情緒,集體潛意識,一環扣一環,如曼陀羅,建構出一個宇宙模型,只此而已。


"打波先嚟落雨,唔通連個天都唔鍾意我?"

感覺自己是宇宙的中心,感覺自己獨特,能夠給予心靈上一點安慰。


在宇宙中,人是一個孤獨的個體。


在投資的世界中,人同樣是一個孤獨的個體。


我們每一個不是很獨特,而是很孤獨,又很平凡,只能做到的是主觀地客觀,用謙卑的態度去認識這個世界。


《內在原力》

請不要試圖想改變「黑洞人」,因為宇宙中的每一個黑洞都曾經是大質量恆星,只是用盡了能量而使恆星塌陷、收縮成為黑洞。我們不需要抱怨遇到黑洞人,因為他(她)都可能曾經照亮過前人,是我們自己來晚。 


我相信每一個人曾經都是個小孩,沒有人,出生就是邪惡的。在我們的價值觀裡面也許是壞的事情,但有可能在他價值觀裡是對的。


「我們不知道他過去曾經經歷過了什麼。」


人不會給予他沒有擁有過的東西,有可能是這個社會、他的生長環境、他的父母、朋友、甚至是每一個人所帶給他的行為模式、價值觀跟記憶。我會願意接納所有的人,是因為當我看到一個人,他的行為不符合我的想法時,我會想要去理解他,好奇為什麼他會有這樣的情緒甚至是想法。


我曾經也是黑洞人還好你是認識現在天使的我。

《人是否可以保持客觀理性?》

説來容易,要做到不容易。

遇上相反意見,無論接受與否,我們願意聽一下嗎?


可能會覺得,沒有新意,只是浪費時間。現今的網上媒體,為了增加收視率,不少加上一個誇張的標題,如果本來已經是你不同意的東西,可能未看已經怒火中燒,要慢慢細心看完,的確更加困難。另一個例子:一個不喜歡的人物(例如政治人物)説十件事,我們願意去聽完這十件事?可能有九件事的最後判斷是沒有改變,不過可能最後一件是有一點新的意思,新的資訊。如果由於九件錯的事,就放棄去了解第十件事。


看看和自己的意見相反的意見,雖然可能是浪費時間,但亦可能提供一個機會給自己除錯,可能自己的投資決定錯誤,或者萬一甚至自己的看法全錯 ..... 這一個機會可能把自己從錯誤中拉回來,自己在投資犯上錯誤,沒有什麼大不了,不要因為面子問題而不認錯。


錯誤就是學習過程,通住改善的入口。


對於已經有的判斷和觀念,看到新的資訊,最安全的做法,是達到自我觀念強化,勝過理性分析:


  • 嗱,我都一早已經講過了 ......
  • 我覺得股市會下跌,所以沽清沒有持有股票。又因為我沒有持有股票,所以覺得股市應該下跌。
  • 在跌市之中,去找去看負面消息,可以得到心靈上的慰籍,得到認同。相反在牛市之中,類似的情況亦一樣出現。


不是絕對的對,不是絕對的錯。理性去面對,開放自己,就有”打倒昨日的我”所需要的勇氣。


資訊爆炸的年代,接收過多資訊,不同資訊,沒有獨立思考能力的人,亦可能思想跌入迷亂之中。相反有獨立思考能力的人,看到很多不同資訊,可以從多角度去看問題和思考問題,而仍然保持清淅的理性思維,去反思自己的看法,或者推翻自己的看法,做出合適的投資決定。




《沒有任何一個情緒是簡單的》

找到方法執行的人會覺得其他人沒意志力;

執行但缺乏方法的人覺得其他人沒行動力;

有方法卻偶爾執行的人覺得其他人不努力。


我們可以怎麼回應,找我們說話的人呢?討論溝通是為了走下去而不是為了分開​,溝通的「重要3不原則」:

1 不做價值判斷: 

沒有一個人喜歡被貼標籤,​當被貼上標籤後那並不是舒服的,​也會讓對話終止。​


2 不說自己的故事:

滔滔不絕地說出自己的故事,​那只會讓對話鎂光燈跑走,可以試著同理對方情緒​。

3 不強迫別人接受建議:​

你不知道,你的建議是毒藥還是解藥?​不要對方一定要照著你的建議走,​如果是他能力上可以承擔的,

​那就是好的。但若不行呢?會不會造成無法挽回的憾事,​我們無法得知​。

請把他的人生選擇權交還給他,​因為你不能背負他的人生。​

沒有人要為了成為自己而感到抱歉或被世界遺棄。​


《不會跳的蚯蚓》

有天,蚯蚓、青蛙和草蜢在田中玩耍,青蛙提議舉行一個跳遠比試。比試開始了,青蛙和草蜢一躍便跳到很遠的地方,而蚯蚓卻跳不動,經過不斷努力,牠仍是停留在原地之上。

眼看著已經跳到遠處的青蛙和草蜢,蚯蚓覺得自己不中用。就在這個時候,一個小朋友拿著網子來到田中,嘗試捕捉牠們。這時,蚯蚓馬上在地上鑽了個洞,把自己躲藏起來。而牠看著還在田中的青蛙和草蜢,牠們為避免小孩的追捕,正在竭力地跳躍逃走。


這時候,蚯蚓便覺悟:「原來我們的特性沒有所謂強項與弱項之分,關鍵只是在於有沒有洽當的環境被發揮出來。我並不需要因為別人在某方面看似比我強而感到不快。」對的,我們出生都是與別不同的,每人都有著上天賜予的天賦。有些人記憶力比較好;有些人算術比較好;有些人則運動比較好;我們沒有可能在每一方面都比別人強的,如果我們每事都是爭強爭勝,最終我們一定會感到無限的失望。


倒過來認識自己多一點,把自己放在一個適合自己發揮的環境才是最重要的,就正如雪球一定是在雪地裡滾動才會愈滾愈大的。兒子小時候個子較同齡小,可是他曾在學校運動會中拿了四金一銅,並當上了「最有價值運動員」,原因也是因為他看自己沒有過於所當看的,而是選擇適當的運動項目來發揮。


 

《為最近的自己寫封信》

拿起手機,鬧鐘設定4分鐘或7分鐘,先將所有會分散你專注力的東西都關閉(包含安靜的環境),留下專屬於「自己內心」的時間,準備一張紙和筆,為自己設定一個題目。如果不知道要設定什麼,就問問自己「最近的你,還好嗎?」把自己當作自己的朋友,與他對話。


若你是一個感性的人,平常能滔滔不絕,建議你可以倒數計時7分鐘開始寫。

若你是一個理性的人,平常話不多,需要思考邏輯脈絡,建議倒數計時4分鐘開始寫。


計時後,就開始無止盡的寫,想到什麼就寫什麼。


問問自己「最近的你,還好嗎?」。可以朝著你生活上的各個面向去看,不管好的壞的都沒有關係,因為這封信只屬於你自己,是你與你心的對話。


「學別人我學不來,但做自己我會!」


《肌肉就是力量》

有一個比喻叫做「肌肉力量就像金錢」。


很多人在年輕的時候辛苦工作努力賺錢,為的就是有一天能夠達到財務自由,能過著想過的退休生活。但往往賺到了財富卻失去的健康,最後金錢都花費在醫療和長照上,沒有了身體自由。


為了財務自由,所以要努力累積財富,但是為了身體自由,又努力累積了多少肌力和骨質?投資理財的廣告常說「你不理財,財不理你」,又說「越早開始,財富累積的效果越好」。但廣告沒說的是,理財能夠成功最重要的先決條件,是投資的標的和方法要正確,不然暴漲暴跌,最後長期累積下來的不是財富,而是鉅額虧損。


肌力訓練也是一樣,首先要講求方法正確,然後儘早開始,慢慢累積,等到年老時才有足夠的肌力和骨質,能夠維持身體自由。而不正確的訓練方法,不但無法增進肌力和骨質,長期反覆的勞損,反而可能會累積成運動傷害。


有人問,我現在的生活過得很好,為什麼需要練得那麼強壯?你練得那麼強壯,還不是會生病? 關於Spuat、 Pull up、Dip、Deadlift... 要做到若干下數、Core 能承受多少身體重量,才算足夠強壯,也是有一定的標準。根據研究發現,有這樣肌力程度的運動員,運動表現較佳而且較不容易受傷。也許對一般人套用這樣的標準並不太合理,所以我也不想定義多大的肌力才算足夠,我只想問你準備好未? 


準備好什麼? 


準備好足夠的生理儲備 (physiologic reserve),以應付突發的意外狀況,例如生病或受傷。 年紀漸長,身體各個器官會逐漸衰退,而生理功能也跟著逐漸下降,隨著生理儲備的減少,最後僅能勉強維持日常生活所需,一旦遭遇傷病,就會兵敗如山倒。 


臨床上,我們常常會看到原本日常生活還可以自理的患者,在某次傷病後,變得虛弱臥床從此不起,這是因為他們的生理儲備已經減少到了極限,所以不堪一擊。而一般人的觀念又覺得虛弱就需要休養生息,不能過度勞累,但長期的臥床少動,更會造成惡性循環,使得其它器官功能更加的快速衰退,直到死亡。 


器官功能隨著年紀而退化是無可避免,但能靠著良好的生活習慣來減緩。而肌力和骨質,不僅可以靠著訓練來減緩衰退,甚至有可能進步,唯有肌力訓練,才能打破一直衰弱的惡性循環。天有不測風雲,再怎麼健康和強壯的人也無法避免意外,但是我們可以做好準備,建立起強壯的身心,而能從容面對意外的降臨。 


肌力就像錢,錢賺夠用就好?最好你能確定永遠就只花這一點錢,而不會突然需要巨額的花費!


結論就是肌力就像錢,也不像錢。錢不是萬能,但沒有錢就萬萬不能。有足夠的肌力,才能夠不依靠別人,就可以從事自己想做的活動。年輕時要存足夠的金錢,才能確保退休後的生活無虞。同樣的,年輕時也要訓練出強壯的肌力,才能確保退休後有體力過自己想過的生活。 但另一方面,努力不一定賺得到錢,退休後沒有收入,就只能省吃儉用坐吃山空。但努力就能夠訓練出強壯的肌力,而且可以活到老練到老,持續進步。


Source: 大夫訓練


 

《正面的意念》

全然地專注於感受當下。


我體驗到的「正念」練習就是專注與耐心。


我們的生活不只有美好的事情,也同時充滿了許多苦難。當我們習慣於快節奏的生活步調時,快樂的事情不會長存我們的心中,而我們時時刻刻汲汲營營,煩惱等下的報告、等下的工作、煩惱健康狀況、煩惱女朋友很多毛、煩惱父母的事情、數不盡的煩惱,我們的大腦總是一刻不得閒,一直想要找事(煩惱)來做。


所以首先要練習(專注)感受體驗當下,切斷過多不必要的煩惱。


專注也才能掌握人生時刻中的幸福。比方說在路上走路,大腦中都是煩惱的人連地上有一千塊都看不到。又或者是家人買了最高級的壽司回來,可我們當時正在煩惱或專注其他事情,不專心吃飯,狼吞虎嚥,囫圇吞棗,吃完了還以為只是吃了普通的壽司,根本沒有用心感受到其中的美味。不要講壽司,即便是家常菜或者是外面的便當好了。其實是多麼的美味可口,只是我們習以為常,不當一回事了。


而「耐心」呢,很多的好事是可遇不可求的,就這麼突如其來的發生在我們的生命之中,如果沒有耐心,根本等不到那美妙的一刻。而練習耐心,並不是練習「壓抑與禁慾」,而是像我舉的吃飯練習,是練習用心專注「細細品味」


以「看書」為例好了,一本書厚厚三百多頁,每頁就有上百個字。急躁不耐煩是看不下去的,唯有耐心細細品味,融入其中,就默默地看完了,學習到了很多東西,覺得相當充實受益。


看似平凡無趣的事物,若用心品味,或許能夠發現其中的不凡與妙趣。事情本身並沒有改變,這個世界也一直都沒有改變,但我們卻夠變得正向而快樂,在於我們「發現與感受」到了其中的美好之處。

《The Aggregation of Marginal Gains》

Success is a few simple disciplines, practiced every day; while failure is simply a few errors in judgment, repeated every day.

Most people love to talk about success (and life in general) as an event. But the truth is that most of the significant things in life aren't stand-alone events, but rather the sum of all the moments when we chose to do things 1% better or 1%worse. Aggregating these marginal gains makes a difference.


There is power in small improvements and slow gains. This is why average speed yields above average results. This is why the system is greater than the goal. This is why mastering your habits is more important than achieving a certain outcome.





Education has a compounding effect just like investing. The longer you spend learning and improving, the greater the impact. The more you know about where you want to go in life, not just how much money you want, the more you’ll be able to plan a career that hits on all of those notes.


Don’t let yourself get stuck at a job you don’t like, isn’t challenging, or where you’re not learning. Don’t let money be a substitute for personal growth. . Continue learning, continue growing and passion will follow.


Where are the 1% improvements in your life?

《樂趣的威力有多大》

在資本主義的社會架構,追求名與利成了人生最大的意義。所以很多大人們總是告訴我們這是在浪費時間與生命,賺不到錢,對學業、未來前途也沒有幫助。但我當然是聽不進去的,因為我當時只知道,做這些事情讓我感到「樂趣無窮」。我想所有人的一生當中,都有過這些樂趣無窮的時刻。即便是在別人眼中看來毫無意義或唱衰。自己還能不為所動,願意自發性的投入,發出極限,把這件事物做得如此之好。


遺憾的是,離開學校這樣單純的環境後,進入了現實殘酷的社會中,凡事先想到$$與利益,樂趣的事情變得越來越少。


唉... 這件事太辛苦太累了,又賺不到錢。不要做好了,或有什麼輕鬆簡單的方式可以做好。渙散的態度面對任何工作以外的事情,甚至也如此面對工作。 (若比喻生命的時時刻刻就像一場球賽,這樣擺爛放棄的態度,當然只會有無聊一個結果)

追求功利與效率,設定了遠大的目標與理想。給予自己極高的標準,甚至超過了自身能力的標準,但並不是真的很喜歡這件事,只為了達成目標而做。豈能樂在其中感到樂趣,只能充滿了無限的壓力與焦慮。


要嘛很無聊,要嘛很焦慮。是許多人平日的心情,如此的狀態能夠堅持將一件事情做到美好嗎?能夠快樂地活著嗎?我認為最有樂趣的事情是「感受到自我的價值」。但一開始我們都是毫無能力的嬰兒,需要有「探索的好奇心」並且「勇於嘗試」,才能逐漸挖掘出自己的能力。


持續地行動之後,自身能力與技術將隨之提升,若挑戰與難度沒有同時提升,就會讓人感到無聊。


但挑戰與難度太高又讓人感到焦慮。所以將難度與挑戰因為自己的技術能力來設定是最好的,永遠給自己有一點挑戰性。


人生中所有的事情都是一場「遊戲」,設定出給自己有一點挑戰性的獲勝規則。投入地去玩,就是最大的樂趣。


為你生命中所有的事物設定獲勝規則,不斷地努力獲勝,就是不斷地戰勝自己,使自己升級,讓人生充滿了意義與樂趣。


《21世紀的大氣電波》

社交媒體並不是「媒體」,不是眾多媒體當中其中一個選擇,不是內容的生產機構。相反,社交媒體是一個平台,換句話說,他們並非內容的生產者,而是內容生產者之上的傳播方式。不久之後,社交媒體會完全取代電視電台紙媒。因為社交媒體跟手機結合,取代了過去電視的地位,是媒體依賴生存的基礎。


Facebook, Google等等Big Tech基本上是 monopoly。而這個 monopoly 的存在是在於他壓倒性的量,以及他的全球性,你在FB/ Google/ Amazon上宣傳你可以令你香港甚至全世界其他國家都看到,成本效益壓倒了其他方式,其他方式也終會被取代。哪怕是Blogger/ Patreon/ 媒體網站的人流都是從FB/ IG/ Youtube引流的,本質也是一樣。


Big Tech的強大是因為他們的全球化接觸、廣告收入和AI演算法,這點是不能改變,不能取代的,而這個數字會產生滾雪球效應,最終大的社交媒體會吸死小的社交媒體。要追回那個規模,要投的錢絕對會比Big Tech還要多。


所以把他當成單一媒體去看待或處理,不爽不要用或者不看就好了是不對的,他是大氣電波,他是傳播工具,他甚至是不可取代的傳播工具,你的媒體都會依附於他,如果你完全不能用的話你的媒體基本上難以做下去。


社交媒體不是媒體,社交媒體是媒體的源頭,他超越了媒體,而且是超國際的組織。


你已經不能不面對他,我們不能掩耳盜鈴,覺得這只是遊戲或者覺得可以避開他們,這是避不開的,也不是單純的娛樂,因為娛樂控制了大眾,大眾控制了社會,社會控制了我們。這是你不能避開的,他不是傳媒,他是控制傳媒的平台。在黑箱作業下,可以打壓任何他們上面傳播中的媒體,助長某些媒體,打壓某些媒體,進而控制輿論風向。這不是任何人可以避開的,你用不用都會受到影響。


因為他影響的不是你本人而是整個社會與地球。

Source: Chenglap 文章筆記


 

《Goals, Themes and Habits》

Goals

Goals excite you. These are things that you look and you say “fuck yeah”. They’re what you think about when your mind wanders and what causes you want to get out of bed in the morning.


These don’t need to be realistic. I love the idea of having some goals that could be accomplished in months, some in years and some (maybe) in decades.


The goals themselves are things I want to do – regardless of my progress. The habits are clear units of work that are fun and interesting. And the themes are realistic.


Themes


Themes are a specific step you can take towards that goal. For every goal, there are many different themes. Understanding and deciding on a theme to work towards a goal is key. I prefer to pick something that I know I can accomplish in a few months.

For example, for my learning Polish example – my theme might be “Build up vocabulary to read books for children under 5”. It’s a step on the road to my goal.

You could call these sub-goals, target objectives or whatever you want, but I like the idea of themes. No one says “I’m going to accomplish this theme by <date>”. Themes keep the next step unbound from time. You can work on a theme, but without a set date to complete it.


If you need a set date for something – make that a goal instead. If it’s small enough maybe you don’t need a theme in that case. The tricky part (to me at least) is knowing that a theme is possible in a few months.


Since there are so many different themes you could pick for any goal, I like to create a list of everything I can think of. From there, I’ll pick one theme to target that excites me and work towards it. I choose to make this something that is small enough to be significant once accomplished, but far enough that it’ll last at least a month (ideally a few months).


Habit


The smallest units of work are habits. These are the “how” of your goal. Habits also change over time. The habit you use to start down the road towards a goal could be completely different than the habits from later.

To me, a habit is something I can put on a to-do list and check off in a single day. Depending on the habit they might take a few minutes to hours.


Habits are an investment in your future-self. Alone they may not be impressive. Just like with financial investments though, they’ll compound over time. 


Every action you take is a vote for the type of person you wish to become. No single instance will transform your beliefs, but as the votes build up, so does the evidence of your new identity. In the meantime I’ll continue to focus on habits.


Shifting my mindset from wanting to be done to wanting to make progress has been incredibly effective for my mental health and more productive too.

《The Happiness Equation》


Want Nothing + Do Anything= Have Everything

Be happy First. 

This is the primary takeaway from the book. Instead of relying on something external to make you happy, make the choice to be happy.


Do it for you. 

Don’t decide to be happy for someone else. Do it because you want to be a person who’s happy.


Remember the lottery. 

Lottery winners aren’t inherently happier. Once your income reaches a certain point, money has diminishing returns.


Never retire.

Never stop learning, challenging yourself, or growing. (but it’s OK to retire from your job).


Overvalue you. 

Take care of yourself and invest in yourself. Spend time doing things you enjoy.


Create space. 

Take steps to create space for your goals, ambitions, and hobbies. This includes both physical space, mental space, nature space, and time.


Just do it. 

Make progress on what you want to do – however small. Even researching the next step is progress.


Be you. 

You don’t need to put on a mask or pretend to be someone else. You’ll be happier if you’re natural.


Don’t take advice. 

No one knows what will make you happy. Others can share what’s worked for them, but it’s up to you to figure it out.

Now though, I get most of my personal growth through self-evaluation – a combination of personal journaling, reading self-improvement books, scouring blogs, and looking for those elusive mindsets that I can adopt to improve my happiness.



《Your Numbers with Market Investing》

This is the number one difference between people who retire early and those who wait until social security, people who retire early know and learn how to invest.

When I first did the math on compound interest I was floored. The idea that I'd make more money during retirement than during my working years seemed counterintuitive, but the numbers were right there.


There are only 2 ways you can affect this number:

  1. Make more money
  2. Spend less money

That's really all that it comes down to. The savings rate calculation we looked at is based entirely on these two numbers (spending/savings). The less you need, the less you'll need to save. Lowering expenses and earning money in retirement are two very clear ways to reduce the time until you are financially independent. Making more money and spending less while investing is the key to achieving financial independence sooner.

The art is not in making money, but in keeping it.

The fastest way often means removing excess from your life that isn't increasing happiness in proportion to the amount spent. Beyond that, it's about understanding how much you need to save to live the life you want and making a plan for it.



《Saving Money is a Hike》

When working towards retirement and financial independence, your savings rate is one of the most important numbers. The more you save each year, the faster you'll be able to retire – that's obvious

You're starting with a time period of based on just your savings rate. Saving this much isn't a sprint, or even a marathon but a hike. Depriving yourself for a few months, only to be exhausted, or spend more the following months, isn't going to have a positive impact. Pace and progress are the keys.

Instead, make changes that make your life better, and that you look forward to week after week and year after year. If you're spending money on something that brings that kind of joy into your life, that's well worth it.


Find a way to enjoy saving the same way you'd enjoy a hike. Make it effortless, make it relaxing, make it feel right.

You could be reading this and think "there's no way I could save up!". I know when I was growing up, at times many people were scrapping to make ends meet, and saving was the last thing on their mind. 


For those reading in that situation, I empathize with you but struggle to find the best advice. You know your situation better than I ever could, as well as what you could do to make it better.

《Don't assume financial independence means retirement》

There are 2 small stones on my mind, each engraved with a single word. One says, “Imagine.” The other says, “Create.” Those two words have made all the difference for me. I believe that success is limited only by our ability to imagine what we want and to lead ourselves to it.

Financial Independence (FI) is different from retirement. Think of financial independence as the amount of money you'd need in order to never need to work again. Retirement (RE), on the other hand, generally means not being employed, but being self-sufficient.


It's possible for people to be FI but continue working – you see it all the time. From CEOs of companies to quiet employees who have saved huge amounts to bloggers talking about retirement (well, some – not me). There are also people who are retired, but who may need to return to work someday down the line when their savings run out, or if social security fails.

To be FIRE (financially independent + retired) is an aim with the goal of minimizing stress from external sources. It does rely on stock markets to perform in a similar pattern to the last 100+ years, but aside from that, it's not based on too many assumptions.


My personal withdrawal rate I use for calculations is somewhere between 3% and 4%. The fewer unknowns in your life, the higher your withdraw rate can be. When I say unknowns, I include many things that are notoriously difficult to plan for: your health, insurance, home situations, family health, changes in your spending, lawsuits against you – anything that could throw a wrench in your plans.

《Doing vs Thinking》

On a sheet of paper draw a vertical axis and a horizontal axis meeting in the middle creating 4 quadrants. In these quadrants we’re going to place activities throughout the day based on two criteria: how much thought is involved and how much action (doing) is involved.




  • Top left: “Think” – These are actions that are high in “thinking” but low in “doing” (reading, math). These require you to generate your own thoughts but don’t require any action on your part. They’re one way.
  • Bottom right: “Do” – These are actions that are high in “doing” but low in “thinking” (running, yard work). These require your action to get them done.
  • Top right: “Burn” – These are actions that are high in “thinking” and high in “doing” (playing a sport, building something, working through the night, taking care of family). This doesn’t necessarily mean you’re running around. Your “doing” could mean focused work.
  • Bottom right: “Space” – These are actions that are low in both “thinking” and “doing” (social media, sitting on a beach).

Why challenge yourself if you don’t have to?


For people with that mindset I say the same thing: try giving yourself a little more space. You can start small – an hour a week to do whatever you want. If you can’t find an hour to keep yourself occupied then that’s its own problem. In that case, you can research new hobbies (think) or make a personal goals list to get yourself excited.


Do not confine yourself to one type of action. If you’re feeling burnt out, exhausted, or just not enjoying yourself, you have the option to change what you spend your time doing.The more you do, the more you’ll discover what it is in life that you truly enjoy.

《Save for the future》

If the thought of saving  money sounds exhausting, focus on what you can control – what you’re invested in today, how you earn that money, and how you spend it.


Phase 1: The Basics – $0 to $100K

Work and get the salary paid
Invest in 1 or 2 index funds


Phase 2: Growth – $100K to $1M


The amount you invest in a bond fund will depend on how long you have until retirement. If you’re more than 5 years out from retirement, you could skip that step altogether. Once you’re closer, a major market correction could delay your retirement date. At that point having some part of your portfolio in bonds can help.


Your goals during this phase: 

Learn how to optimize your portfolio for fees, while keeping an eye on diversification. 

Learn how to use bonds to normalize your returns – even if you don’t actually start investing in them yet.


Stick with it

Investing isn’t like buying a lottery ticket. It’ll take years – decades even – to grow your wealth. By investing in index funds (and thousands of different stocks), you’ll get there eventually.


The sooner you can internalize that, the less you’ll try to chase speculative investments and the better you’ll position for long-term investment growth.


Phase 3: Retirement – $1M and Beyond


Once you’re about 5 years away from retirement, it’s a common approach to start making a few changes:


Lower your risk by moving slightly more money out of stocks and into bonds.

Optimize your taxes and daily spendings

By investing in the entire stock market (in the US and internationally) you’re already investing in everything! 

Ditch (捨棄) your financial advisor


Your goals for this phase: 

Understand how much you’re paying in fees and optimize it 

Figure out how you’ll withdraw funds from your accounts in a tax-optimized way

《How to Develop Persistence》

Calvin Coolidge:

“Nothing in the world can take the place of persistence. Talent will not; nothing is more common than unsuccessful men with talent. Genius will not; unrewarded genius is almost a proverb. Education will not; the world is full of educated derelicts. Persistence and determination alone are all powerful.”


  1. Decide what you want to accomplish and set goals 
  2. Prepare for Obstacles and Setbacks 
  3. Take the first step 
  4. Review, reevaluate and revise 
  5. Garner support (爭取支持) and encouragement 
  6. Maintain focus 
  7. Enjoy! The greatest feelings of accomplishment derive from knowing you've overcome obstacles and conquered adversities to achieve your goals. 

《我就是那個告訴對方該如何對待我的人》

英文中有句諺語:「你教會人們如何對待你。」(You teach people how to treat you.)這句話的涵義是,你必須如同提供一份說明書般,「具體地」告知並引導他人該用何種方式與你互動。 初次接觸這觀點時,我深受啟發。以往若有人不尊重我,我多半會認定那個人有問題...